linux - 软件管理(1)-yum

# 以下为一个 CentOS-Base.repo 文件的举例，缺少mirrorlist
[root@62-7-udp-1 yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Base.repo 
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

# 以下为一个yum.conf文件的举例
[root@62-7-udp-1 etc]# cat yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
override_install_langs=en_US.UTF-8
tsflags=nodocs


#  This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
# is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
# download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
# information.
#  It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
# Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
# manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this).
# metadata_expire=90m

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d

yum install [软件包名称]     # 安装软件包 
yum search [软件包名称]      # 搜索软件包
yum list [软件包名称]        # 显示指定程序包安装情况
yum list                    # 显示所有已安装及可安装的软件包
yum remove [软件包名称]      # 删除程序包
yum erase [软件包名称]       # 删除程序包
yum update                  # 内核升级或者软件更新
yum update [软件包名称]      # 更新软件包
yum check-update            # 检查可更新的程序
yum info [软件包名称]        # 显示安装包信息
yum provides "*/rz"         # 列出 rz 命令由哪个软件包提供
yum grouplist               # 查询可以用 groupinstall 安装的组名称
yum groupinstall [组名称]    # 安装程序组
yum groupremove [组名称]     # 删除程序组
yum deplist [软件包名称]     # 查看程序依赖情况

yum clean packages          # 清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers           # 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean all               # 清除缓存目录下的所有缓存

yum makecache               # 建立元数据缓存
yum -y update               # 升级所有软件包和系统内核
yum -y upgrade              # 只升级软件包不升级内核

# 注意：-y 表示自动安装，不需要交互，如果不加 -y ，安装中会出现问询，需要手动处理。
# -y 下载安装

# 以下两种试了一下，并不能用于命令中，会导致命令直接报错
# -d 只下载不安装
# -N 不安装

#downloadonly可以仅下载所需软件和及其依赖包，大大解决了无网安装时找依赖包的问题
yum install [软件包名称] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/mysoftware